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Your experts for consolidated financial statements.
Here you’ll find everything you need on the topic of consolidated financial statements—concise, clear, and to the point.
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SAP products
A summary of SAP products related to consolidated financial statements.
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Solution finder
Choosing the right SAP software for consolidated financial statements is a highly individual decision – CALEO supports you with expertise and tailored solutions.
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Expertise
With over 20 years of experience, CALEO offers in-depth expertise in SAP consolidation solutions and develops customized approaches that optimize processes – backed by satisfied clients whose projects we’re happy to showcase.
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Your experts for financial planning

Here you’ll find everything you need on the topic of financial planning—concise, clear, and to the point.

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SAP products

A summary of SAP products related to financial planning.

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Solution finder

Choosing the right SAP software for financial planning is a highly individual decision – CALEO supports you with expertise and tailored solutions.

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Expertise

With over 20 years of experience, CALEO offers extensive expertise in SAP financial planning and develops tailored solutions that optimize processes – proven by satisfied clients whose projects we’re happy to showcase.

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Your experts for analytics

Here you’ll find everything you need on the topic of analytics and reporting—concise, clear, and to the point.

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SAP products

A summary of SAP products related to analytics and reporting.

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Solution finder

Choosing the right SAP analytics and reporting software is a highly individual decision – CALEO supports you with expertise and tailored solutions.

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Expertise

With over 20 years of experience, CALEO offers extensive expertise in SAP analytics and reporting and develops customized solutions that optimize processes – proven by satisfied clients whose projects we’re happy to showcase.

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Your experts for ESG

Here you’ll find everything you need on the topic of sustainability reporting—concise, clear, and to the point.

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Bottom-up approach

Here, data is collected in detail at the line-item level and then aggregated to enable well-founded analyses.

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Top-down approach

Here, global targets and guidelines are defined and then broken down into subordinate units to guide implementation.

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SUSTAINABILITY
REPORTING

Companies are increasingly required to implement a sustainability reporting solution that meets both internal and external requirements. SAP, as the market leader in this area, offers companies the necessary support to meet these increasing requirements. CALEO is at your side to successfully implement these solutions in practice.

ESG, SAP, Strategy

SAP solutions for the new ESRS standard: Sustainable reporting and strategic growth.

With its decision to adopt the European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS) presented by the European Financial Reporting Advisory Group (EFRAG), there is a binding standard in this area for the first time. SAP already offers a broad portfolio of software solutions to meet the resulting reporting obligations.
EFRAG Homepage

We support you in finding and implementing the right solution for your company or in expanding existing systems to include ESG reporting functions. In doing so, we not only support you in fulfilling legal obligations, but also in exploiting the full potential of your data. Our many years of experience in financial reporting and our in-depth understanding of your business processes enable us to offer customized solutions. These solutions meet the reporting requirements and support your company at a strategic level.
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Sustainability pays off.

For many companies, reporting on their own sustainability is more than just fulfilling a duty. Aligning themselves with sustainability goals not only makes them more attractive to investors and improves lending conditions, but also enhances their social standing and helps to minimize corporate risks.
ATTRACTIVENESS FOR INVESTORS
"The European Union is currently playing a pioneering role globally. A real opportunity to become the preferred target market for sustainable investments for international investors."
Dr. Theodor Weimer
(Chairman of the Executive Board of Deutsche Börse AG) in 4.Zero  
LENDING
In its "Fact sheet on dealing with sustainability risks", BaFin recommends that supervised companies link lending and lending conditions to ESG criteria.  
VIEW
"No matter which client I speak to, there is no company for which sustainability is not at the top of the agenda. Regardless of size, industry or region, companies are no longer just concerned with achieving sales and earnings targets, but also sustainability targets." Christian Klein
(Spokesman of the Executive Board SAP SE) in 4.Zero  
RISK MINIMIZATION
BaFin sees ESG as an impetus to "adapt existing
processes and to develop new, innovative measurement, control and risk minimization instruments [...]"  

Sustainability reporting with SAP

ESG reporting is critical in today's business world, and SAP offers companies two efficient ways to achieve this goal. On the one hand, companies can use the SAP Sustainability Control Tower, a stand-alone solution from SAP that serves as a "one-stop store" for all sustainability requirements. Secondly, it is possible to expand an existing reporting landscape based on SAP BW/4 or Datasphere as part of an individual development. This approach offers companies full flexibility to adapt their reporting to their specific business requirements. Regardless of the method chosen, CALEO is ready to support you in implementing the right solutions for you. With our expertise and experience, we can ensure that your sustainability reporting is successfully implemented.

SAP Sustainability Control Tower

  • One stop store for sustainability reporting
  • Less preparatory work thanks to a preconfigured solution
  • Alignment with current reporting standards
  • Full integration into the SAP Business Technology Platform
  • Simplified operation thanks to ready-made content
  • Integrates frontend and backend in one solution
  • Audit trail for auditors
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SAP BW/4 or Datasphere

  • Full flexibility
  • Integration of ESG data into existing reporting on a standardized platform.
  • Simple connection of external SAP and non-SAP systems
  • Integration of operational data through integration of external systems
  • Optimization opportunities through impact analyses of operational processes on financial performance.
  • Use of various reporting front-ends (Analysis for Office, SAP Analytics Cloud, ...)
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We support you in setting up your ESG reporting!

At CALEO, we combine a deep understanding of financial processes with specialized SAP know-how to optimally set up your ESG reporting. Our holistic consulting services range from requirements analysis to training your team. With a diverse team of business economists, IT specialists and other experts, we rely on specialist knowledge rather than team size to make your financial projects a success. Each of our consultants is also a certified SAP consultant, which underlines our high quality standards.

We have analyzed two exemplary approaches for CO2 balancing: a top-down approach based on invoices and a bottom-up approach based on detailed measured values. In the following, we have summarized the main advantages and differences of both approaches to give you an insight into these exemplary methods.

The bottom-up process. In 6 steps to implementation.

1
RequirementDetermination of directCO2 emissions for the manufacture of a product.
2
Assumptions / prerequisites

Energy consumption is measured automatically (e.g. digital electricity meters) and there is a local system for storing consumption data.

Meter readings that are not recorded automatically can be measured manually at regular intervals (e.g. daily or weekly) and recorded digitally (the longer the interval, the less accurate the final result).

Order data (at least start/end, quantity OK and quantity nOK) are recorded.

A BW/4 is available in the company.

3
Provision of data in BW/4

Database-based systems can be integrated virtually with HANA Smart Data Access or as data replication with HANA Smart Data Integration.

The decision for virtual or physical data storage essentially depends on the amount of data and the process requirements (auditability).

4
Provision of data in BW/4

If the data is available in the HANA database, it can be made available in a BW/4HANA data model.

Up to this point, the data is usually transferred 1:1.

5
Data model

The data model merges the order data with the energy data so that the energy consumption per order or per part produced is calculated.

The results are combined with external information such as theCO2 equivalent of a kWh of electricity (electricity mix) and theCO2 content of a kWh of gas and converted intoCO2 emissions per part.

The transformations can either replicate the data or provide virtually transformed data from the upstream systems.

If the data was previously passed on virtually, replication is recommended here in order not to slow down reporting.

6
Reporting

Based on the data model, a report can be created to answer the initial question, showingCO2 emissions by product.

In addition, this data enables the creation of reports on energy efficiency and production performance, which help to identify potential.

The top-down process with BW/4HANA. In 6 steps to implementation.

1
RequirementDetermination of directCO2 emissions for the manufacture of a product.
2
Assumptions / prerequisites

Energy consumption is measured at least over a representative period at workstation level (this is usually done anyway).

Periodic data on turnover, scrap costs and changes in inventory value as well as price calculation (production costs) and sales prices (average) are available in the ERP.

3
Connection of the upstream systems

The data can be accessed via extractors (SAP) or via HANA Smart Data Access (non-SAP).

4
Provision of data in BW/4

Data from SAP ERP systems can be integrated directly into BW as a data source via the extractors.

If the data from non-SAP systems is available in the HANA database, it can be made available in a BW/4 data model.

Weights for the individual products are developed from the representative energy measurements and loaded into BW.

5
Data modelFirst, the quantities produced are calculated from the data (turnover / sales price + scrap / manufacturing costs + change in inventory value / manufacturing costs).

Using the weights (equivalence figures) and quantities, the total CO2 emissions are allocated to the individual products.

The CO2 emissions of the scrap can then be allocated to the good parts.
6
ReportingBased on the data model, a report can be created to answer the initial question, showingCO2 emissions by product.

Savings measures can be derived from the short-term measurements carried out.

FAQ ESG Reporting

As there are many questions surrounding this complex topic, we have compiled a FAQ on ESG reporting. Here you will find answers to frequently asked questions to help you better understand the basics of ESG reporting.

What is the EU Taxonomy Regulation?

The EU Taxonomy Regulation sets out clear, generally applicable rules and framework conditions for when an economic activity can be classified as sustainable or environmentally friendly.
The regulation refers to the EU's 6 environmental objectives:

  1. Climate change mitigation
  2. Adaptation to climate change
  3. Sustainable deployment and use of water or marine resources
  4. Transition to a circular economy
  5. Prevention or control of pollution
  6. Protection and restoration of biodiversity and ecosystems

The "Sustainable" classification is based on four criteria:

  1. The activity contributes to at least one of the environmental objectives
  2. The activity does no significant harm to any of the environmental objectives (does no significant harm DNSH)
  3. The activity meets minimum safety standards to avoid a negative social impact
  4. The activity fulfills the technical criteria developed by the EU Technical Expert Group

The EU taxonomy became known in the media through the discussion as to whether or not natural gas technologies or nuclear power are sustainable in this sense.

Financial companies and large companies (>500 employees), which fall under non-financial reporting, are currently affected. The EU taxonomy-compliant shares of turnover, capital expenditure (CapEx) and operating expenses (OpEx) are reported. An expansion of the group of companies affected is being planned. In the medium term, almost all companies will probably be affected.

Essentially, the EU taxonomy regulates reporting obligations for environmentally relevant financial indicators. General environmental aspects (e.g. CO2 emissions), social aspects and aspects of corporate governance are regulated in other regulations and laws.
What are the three scopes of CO2 emissions?

The focus of discussions in the area of ESG reporting is usually on the reduction of greenhouse gases (especially CO2). In this
context, we often read about the three "scopes" of greenhouse gas emissions. They divide the emissions generated by a product
emissions generated by a product into three categories:

Direct scope 1 greenhouse gas emissions are generated directly by the process, for example in the chemical industry during various reactions. However, emissions from coal-fired power generation also belong to Scope 1 for a power plant operator.

Indirect Scope 2 greenhouse gas emissions are caused by the use of energy in the form of electricity or heat. The current energy mix, for example, currently pollutes the atmosphere with just under 500g of CO2 per kWh.

Scope 1 and 2 represent the proportion of the CO2 footprint of a product that can be directly influenced by producers. By optimizing the product and processes and by procuring sustainable energy or generating their own energy, producers have a corresponding lever here.

Scope 3 represents the greatest challenge for companies in terms of data procurement. There are two categories here:

Scope 3 - Upstream includes all emissions caused by a product through the production and transportation of raw materials. Here, companies should consider the entire supply chain.

Scope 3 - Downstream includes all emissions caused by a product after it leaves the company. This includes emissions for operation (e.g. car exhaust fumes) or emissions for disposal or recycling.
What are the European Sustainability Reporting Standards? The European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ERSR for short) are a set of reporting standards developed by the European Financial Reporting Advisory Group (EFRAG). They were adopted by the EU Commission in July 2023 as the standard for CSRD-compliant reports. They serve to ensure uniform and transparent reporting on sustainability aspects in companies and are designed to harmonize and promote sustainability reporting in the European Union.
GRI - Global Reporting Initiative The Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) is an independent international organization that develops guidelines and standards for sustainability reporting. GRI guidelines provide companies with a structured method to capture and communicate environmental, social and governance aspects in their reports. These standards are widely used by companies and organizations around the world to transparently present their sustainability performance.
ISSB - International Sustainability Standards Board (Partner to IFSB)

The International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB) is a body set up by the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) Foundation. Its task is to develop uniform global standards for reporting on sustainability aspects in companies. The ISSB aims to ensure that companies provide clear and comparable information on environmental, social and governance issues in order to provide investors and other stakeholders with better insights into sustainability performance.
DNK - German Sustainability Code The German Sustainability Code (GSC) is a set of guidelines and reporting standards developed as a structured method for German companies to report their sustainability performance transparently. The DNK promotes the consideration of environmental, social and governance aspects in corporate management and contributes to sustainability reporting in Germany. The standard will be further developed in the future to be compatible with the ESRS.
Double materiality The ESRS stipulate that companies must carry out a materiality analysis. This determines which key figures the company must report (the material ones) and which not (the immaterial ones). Companies must apply the principle of dual materiality: Firstly, the impact of a company on its stakeholders (e.g. the environment, local residents, employees, etc.) must be considered, and secondly, the impact of stakeholders on the company (e.g. water scarcity caused by climate change).

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Business areas

In addition to our sustainability reporting services, we offer comprehensive services in the following complementary business areas. Rely on our expertise to strengthen your business processes and achieve sustainable success.
Consolidation
Consolidated financial statements
We support you in the preparation of consolidated financial statements by specializing in the optimization of financial statement processes, the implementation of systems for consolidated financial statements and external and internal reporting.
SAP Planning
Financial planning
CALEO offers comprehensive expertise in financial planning and supports your company in establishing the optimal planning process and finding the right SAP software solution based on best practices and your specific requirements.
Analytics_DW
Analytics
Our teams of experts have extensive experience in the introduction and expansion of BI systems, taking into account the latest developments in data processing and cloud solutions. We will be happy to advise you on how you can design future-proof BI solutions.